Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza con bandas elásticas intercalado con ejercicio aeróbico sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos y el funcionamiento de las extremidades inferiores en adultos mayores
Resumen
Introducción. En 2022, la cardiopatía isquémica, los accidentes cerebrovasculares y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica constituyeron las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Aunque hay evidencia de que el ejercicio reduce la presión arterial en los adultos mayores, todavía no hay consenso sobre los beneficios del entrenamiento simultáneo en los parámetros hemodinámicos de esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza con bandas elásticas intercalado con ejercicio aeróbico sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos (HP) y el funcionamiento de las extremidades inferiores en adultos mayores. Metodología. Se asignó aleatoriamente a veinticuatro participantes al grupo de control (CG; n = 12) y al grupo de intervención (IG; n = 12). Los participantes del IG realizaron ejercicios de fuerza con bandas elásticas intercalados con ejercicios aeróbicos dos veces por semana durante 8 semanas. Los HP se midieron con un monitor de presión arterial automático, no invasivo, calibrado y validado. La capacidad funcional de las extremidades inferiores se evaluó mediante una prueba que consistía en levantarse y sentarse 5 veces o tan rápido como fuera posible. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software Prism. Resultados. No se observaron cambios en los HP (P>0,05) luego de 8 semanas, mientras que la capacidad funcional de las extremidades inferiores mejoró tras la intervención (P<0,05). Discusión. Una hipótesis para explicar nuestros hallazgos son los valores de referencia de la presión arterial. Los participantes en esta investigación no presentan valores de referencia elevados. Por otro lado, los estudios han demostrado los beneficios del ejercicio en los HP de los adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos indican que los ejercicios de fuerza intercalados con ejercicios aeróbicos solo mejoran la capacidad funcional de las extremidades inferiores de los adultos mayores. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los HP, es importante destacar la importante reducción clínica de la presión arterial sistólica (Δ= -6,0 mmHg), con la consiguiente reducción del riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular en la muestra investigada.
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Sauaia BA, Gambassi BB. Envelhecer: uma transformação natural, aos olhos da microscopia. Rev Investig Biomédic [Internet]. 2015;7(1):91-97. doi: https://doi.org/10.24863/rib.v7i1.23
2. Cheitlin MD. Cardiovascular physiology-changes with aging. Am J Geriatr Cardiol [Internet]. 2003;12(1):9-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1076-7460.2003.01751.x
3. Pugh KG, Wei JY. Clinical implications of physiological changes in the aging heart. Drugs Aging [Internet]. 2001;18(4):263276. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200118040-00004
4. Faulkner JA, Larkin LM, Claflin DR, Brooks SV. Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol [Internet]. 2007;34(11):1091-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x
5. Schosserer M, Grillari J, Wolfrum C, Scheideler M. Age-Induced Changes in White, Brite, and Brown Adipose Depots: A Mini-Review. Gerontol [Internet]. 2018;64(3):229-236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000485183
6. Egan BM, Mattix-Kramer HJ, Basile JN, Sutherland SE. Managing Hypertension in Older Adults. Curr Hypertens Rep [Internet]. 2024;26(4):157-167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01289-7
7. Pereira GH, Lobato-Ribeiro LA, Azevedo-Amorim MA, Sousa-Garcia C, Madeira-Ribeiro RI, Costa-Machado L, et al. Análise da morbidade hospitalar de pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Essencial na Macrorregião Norte do Estado do Maranhão entre 2014 a 2024. Res Soc Dev [Internet]. 2024;13(11):e113131147450-e113131147450. doi: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i11.47450
8. Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Costa-Chaves LF, daSilva-Sousa TM, Silva-Ribeiro MJ, Souza TA, Schwingel PA. Short-duration dynamic power training with elastic bands combined with endurance training: a promising approach to hypertension management in older adults. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2024;42(4):735-742. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000003681
9. Costa-Chaves LF, Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Cadore EL, Sotão S, Sousa TM, da Silva-Dias D, et al. Power exercises with elastic bands combined with endurance training improve pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and functional parameters in older adults. Blood Press Monit [Internet]. 2025;30(2):49-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/mbp.0000000000000733
10. Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Nobre I, Prazeres J, de Melo MH, Bianco R, Novais TM, et al. Impact of dynamic explosive resistance exercise with elastic bands on pulse pressure in hypertensive older adults: a randomized crossover study. Blood Press Monit [Internet]. 2023;28(4):208-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/mbp.0000000000000650
11. Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Cadore EL, Costa-Chaves LF, da Silva-Sousa TM, Texeira-Mostarda C, Lopes-de Siqueira AF, et al. Effects of combined muscle power and endurance training with different volumes on functional and hemodynamic parameters in previously trained older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res [Internet]. 2023;35(11):2623-2631. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-023-02572-y
12. Carneiro MAS, Oliveira-Júnior G, Castro-E-Souza P, Oliveira AA, Nunes PRP, Izquierdo M, et al. Impact of exercise intervention-based changes on physical function biomarkers in older adults after hospital discharge: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ageing Res Rev [Internet]. 2022;80:101673. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101673
13. Müller DC, Pinto-Boeno F, Izquierdo M, Aagaard P, Lopes-Teodoro J, Grazioli R, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with traditional strength or power training on functionality and physical fitness in healthy older men: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol [Internet]. 2021;149:111-321. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111321
14. Müller DC, Izquierdo M, Pinto-Boeno F, Aagaard P, Lopes-Teodoro J, Graziolo R et al. Adaptations in mechanical muscle function, muscle morphology, and aerobic power to high-intensity endurance training combined with either traditional or power strength training in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 2020;120:1165-1177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04355-z
15. Teodoro JL, Izquierdo M, da Silva LXN, Baroni BM, Grazioli R, Lopez L, et al. Effects of long-term concurrent training to failure or not in muscle power output, muscle quality and cardiometabolic risk factors in older men: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol [Internet]. 2020;139:111023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111023
16. Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, Anker SD, Aprahamian I, Arai H, et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging [Internet]. 2021;25(7):824-853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8
17. Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Schwingel PA. Dynamic power training combined with endurance training reduces arterial stiffness and improves hemodynamic parameters in older adults diagnosed with grade 1 hypertension?. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2024;42(8):1461-1462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000003754
18. Liguori G. Diretrizes do ACSM para os testes de esforço e sua prescrição. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2023. Cap 6-9.
19. Beck TW. The importance of a priori sample size estimation in strength and conditioning research. J Strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2013;27(8):2323-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318278eea0
20. Feitosa ADM, Seba-Barroso WK, Mion-Junior D, Nobre F, Mota-Gomes MA, Veiga-Jardim PCB, et al. Brazilian guidelines for in-office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2024;121(4):e20240113. doi: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20240113
21. Woo J, Yau F, Leung J, Chan R. Peak oxygen uptake, six-minute walk distance, six-meter walk speed, and pulse pressure as predictors of seven year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-living older adults. Exp Gerontol [Internet]. 2019;124:110645. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110645
22. Eguchi K, Kuruvilla S, Ishikawa J, Ogedegbe G, Gerin W, Schwartz JE, et al. Correlations between different measures of clinic, home, and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Blood Press Monit [Internet]. 2011;16(3):142-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/mbp.0b013e328346d669
23. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol [Internet]. 1994;49(2):M85–M94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85
24. Bohannon RW. Test-retest reliability of the five-repetition sit-to-stand test: a systematic review of the literature involving adults. J Strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2011;25(11):3205–2307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318234e59f
25. Bavaresco-Gambassi B, Lopes-dos Santos MD, Furtado-Almeida FJ. Basic guide for the application of the main variables of resistance training in elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res [Internet]. 2019;31:1019-1020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01181-y
26. Colado JC, Furtado GE, Teixeira AM, Flandez J, Naclerio F. Concurrent and Construct Validation of a New Scale for Rating Perceived Exertion during Elastic Resistance Training in The Elderly. J Sports Sci Med [Internet]. 2020;24;19(1):175-186. Recuperado a partir de: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7039017/
27. Borg G. Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. 1ª ed. Chicago: Human Kinects;1998. p. 1-101.
28. Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2013;4:863. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
29. Espirito-Santo HMA, Daniel F. Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos científicos (3): Guia para reportar os tamanhos do efeito para análises de regressâo e ANOVAs. Rev Port Inv Comp Soc [Internet]. 2018;4(1):43–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2018.4.1.72
30. Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutler JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA [Internet]. 2002;288(15):1882-1888. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.15.1882
31. Sardeli AV, Griffth GJ, Abreu-Dos Santos MVM, Ito MSR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. The effects of exercise training on hypertensive older adults: an umbrella meta-analysis. Hypertens Res [Internet]. 2021;44(11):1434-1443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-021-00715-0
32. Dos Santos ES, Asano RY, Filho IG, Lopes NL, Panelli P, Nascimento Dda C, et al. Acute and chronic cardiovascular response to 16 weeks of combined eccentric or traditional resistance and aerobic training in elderly hypertensive women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2014;28(11):3073-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000537
33. Roberson KB, Potiaumpai M, Widdowson K, Jaghab AM, Chowdhari S, Armitage C, et al. Effects of high-velocity circuit resistance and treadmill training on cardiometabolic risk, blood markers, and quality of life in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab [Internet]. 2018;43(8):822-832. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0807
34. Figueroa A, Park SY, Seo DY, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Baek YH. Combined resistance and endurance exercise training improves arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and muscle strength in postmenopausal women. Menopause-J N Am Menopause Soc [Internet]. 2011;18(9):980-984. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3182135442
35. Masroor S, Bhati P, Verma S, Khan M, Hussain ME. Heart Rate Variability following Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training in Sedentary Hypertensive Women: A Randomised Control Trial. Indian Heart J [Internet]. 2018;70:S28-S35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.03.005
36. Sardeli AV, Griffith GJ, Abreu-Dos Santos MVM, Ito MSR, Nadruz W, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Do baseline blood pressure and type of exercise influence level of reduction induced by training in hypertensive older adults? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Exp Gerontol [Internet]. 2020;140:111052. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111052
37. Sardeli AV, Gáspari AF, Dos Santos WM, De Araujo AA, De Angelis K, Mariano LO, et al. Comprehensive Time-Course Effects of Combined Training on Hypertensive Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2022;19(17):11042. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711042
38. Sasaki KI, Fukumoto Y. Sarcopenia as a comorbidity of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol [Internet]. 2022;79(5):596-604. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.013
39. Shailendra P, Baldock KL, Li LSK, Bennie JA, Boyle T. Resistance training and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2022;63(2):277-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.020
40. Frontera WR, Suh D, Krivickas LS, Hughes VA, Goldstein R, Roubenoff R. Skeletal muscle fiber quality in older men and women. Amer J of Physiol Cell Physiol [Internet]. 2000;279(3):C611–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.3.c611
Descargas
Derechos de autor 2025 MedUNAB
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
