Nuevas tecnologías en el manejo de la demencia: una revisión de alcance
Resumen
Introducción: La demencia es un trastorno con una carga de morbimortalidad global importante. Las nuevas tecnologías son clave para los avances en salud. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la literatura disponible sobre el uso de nuevas tecnologías en el manejo de la demencia. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science y Engineering Databases. Los criterios de elegibilidad se centraron en estudios primarios que describieran intervenciones tecnológicas. Se analizaron los resultados utilizando la herramienta VOSviewer y se desarrolló una revisión de alcance según metodologías del Instituto Joanna Briggs y PRISMA para revisiones de alcance. Resultados. El análisis en VOSviewer reveló tres clústeres de palabras clave: evaluación de pacientes con demencia (rosado), intervenciones emergentes (amarillo y azul). Se incluyeron seis estudios en la revisión, destacando el uso de realidad virtual, robots, neuromodulación y asistencia telefónica. Se observó una mejora en síntomas conductuales y psicológicos, especialmente en agresividad, ansiedad, depresión, calidad de sueño, dependiendo de cada intervención. Discusión. Esta revisión destaca la relevancia de la tecnología para mejorar la atención en demencia. Sin embargo, presenta desafíos de implementación y los beneficios aún son limitados. La implementación gradual, ética, personalizada y la consideración de los costos son esenciales. Conclusiones. Las nuevas tecnologías muestran resultados prometedores en el manejo de la demencia y se requieren de más investigaciones de tipo experimental, que exploren poblaciones con diferentes tipos y etapas de la enfermedad a largo plazo
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