Intracranial Dermoid Cyst with Spontaneous Rupture. A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Dermoid cysts are rare tumors, which can originate from the inclusion of elements of ectodermal origin at the time of neural tube closure during embryogenesis. Its content includes a wide variety of ectodermal derivatives such as apocrine glands, sweat, sebaceous cysts, hair follicles, squamous epithelium and teeth. The symptoms generated by these benign tumors are due to the mass effect on adjacent neurovascular structures (headache, seizures, hydrocephalus, and ischemia), as well as meningeal irritation in cases of rupture into the subarachnoid space. Objective: To present the clinical course of a 21-year-old female patient who visits the neurosurgery clinic with syncope and headaches. Case report: A patient with spontaneous rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst who previously looked for medical attention because of headaches; this medical record was associated with most episodes of altered consciousness. Therefore, a neuroimaging study was performed and showed evidence of ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, which was managed surgically with a successful resolution of the symptomatology. Conclusions: This case is considered as relevant considering the unusual nature of the pathology according to the epidemiology consulted. Moreover, this case report allows the health staff to be aware of this tumor pathology, which can reach the cure in case of a complete surgical resection, with a resolution from the clinic.