Sickle Cell Anemia in Pediatrics: Literature review
Abstract
Introduction: Sickle cell anemia is a structural hemoglobinopathy of genetic origin, characterized by the presence of sickle hemoglobin. Abnormal hemoglobin is unstable and tends to polymerize and can occlude the microcirculation. Also, it produces both acute and chronic multi system manifestations associated with an increased risk of infection. Objective: To describe the information of the exposed topic highlighting the most relevant aspects such as diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: A literature review with electronic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Medscape, Scopus; different types of articles were included that addressed sickle cell anemia in pediatrics such as original articles, reviews of topics and management. Results: A review of 22 articles was obtained which describes the subject of sickle cell anemia, guidelines and treatments based on the management and control of symptoms. It is evident that the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and transfusions proved to be preventive strategies or effective treatments for the complications related to this pathology in children. Conclusions: In Colombia, the prevalence of the pathology is not established yet. On the other hand, the main manifestations are related to complications of vaso-occlusion in different organs and functional asplenia which predisposes to infectious conditions. [Tirado-Pérez IS, Zárate Vergara AC. Sickle Cell Anemia in Pediatrics: Literature review. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 374-382].
References
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