Spontaneous subgaleal hematoma in infants, an underestimated disease, case series
Abstract
Introduction. Subgaleal hematomas are rare pathologies that usually arise and resolve spontaneously. In neonates they are associated with dystocia and in infants or older children with a history of trauma, even trivial, which may go unnoticed. There is a small group where there is no background of trauma or other factors such as blood dyscrasias, it is made up mainly of infants. The objective of this article is to show a cases series of spontaneous subgaleal hematomas in infants, due to their infrequency, diagnostic difficulty, and differences according to neonatal type. Clinical cases. Four infants are presented, between 4 and 12 months of age, diagnosed with spontaneous subgaleal hematomas (not directly related to previous trauma), of different severity and treated in the emergency unit. They underwent a diagnostic test aimed at confirming the hematoma and ruling out associated coagulation disorders. All cases showed a self-limited clinical course without complications. Discussion. Spontaneous subgaleal hematomas in infants are usually benign, although it is vitally important to rule out blood dyscrasias. Within these, platelet disorders are not usually taken into account and should be studied. Its management is conservative and they will be reabsorbed on their own in a few weeks. Conclusions. The cause of subgaleal hematomas in young children should be established, and their possible spontaneous appearance or due to blood dyscrasias should be considered.
References
Vaibhav A, Smith R, Millman G, Cooper J, Dwyer J. Subaponeurotic or subgaleal fluid collections in infancy: an unusual but distinct cause of scalp swelling in infancy. BMJ Case Rep [Internet]. 2010 Nov 2;2010:bcr0420102915. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.04.2010.2915
Reid J. Neonatal Subgaleal Hemorrhage. Neonatal Netw. 2007;26(4):219–27. https://doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.4.219
Smith A, Kandamany N, Okafor I, Robinson I, Foran A, McNamara R. Delayed Infant Subaponeurotic (Subgaleal) Fluid Collections: A Case Series of 11 Infants. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2016;50(6):881–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.024
Wang S, Drake J, Kulkarni A V. Management and outcome of spontaneous subaponeurotic fluid collections in infants: the Hospital for sick children experience and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;18(October):442–7. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.PEDS1641
Patchana T, Ghanchi H, Taka T, Calayag M. Subgaleal hematoma evacuation in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2020;11(243):1–5. https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_207_2020
Esteller M, López N, Chiandetti A, Martínez-Roig A. Hematoma subgaleal espontáneo como manifestación de una alteración de la función plaquetaria. An Pediatr. 2014;80(1):4–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.10.020
Lacoma Latre EM, Sánchez Lalana E, Alconchel Lagranja AP. Hematoma subgaleal difuso. Imagen Diagn. 2016;7(2):72–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imadi.2016.02.003
Er A, Çağlar A, Akgül F, Ulusoy E, Karslı E, Yılmaz D, et al. A Rare Cause of Subgaleal Hematoma in Children: Hair Pulling. Turkish J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2017;4(1):33–5. https://doi.org/10.4274/cayd.54254
Scheier E, Ben-Ami T, Guri A, Balla U. Subgaleal Hematoma from a Carnival Costume. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019;21(6):422–3. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31280516
De Vito A, Mankad K. Our experience of subgaleal haematoma due to hair pulling. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2020;109(2):426. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15033
Scheier E, Guri A, Balla U. Subgaleal haematoma due to hair pulling: Review of the literature. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2019;108(12):2170–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14971
Jimeno A, García-Lechuz Moya JM, González E. Lesión cefálica de partes blandas en un niño de 9 meses. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008;26(3):175–6. https://doi.org/10.1157/13116755
Ferreira AM, Silva J, Monteiro V, Tavares S, Araújo R, Rocha C. Cranial Swelling - A diagnostic Challenge (Portugués). Nascer e Crescer - Birth Growth Med J. 2017;26(2):53-6. https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v26.i2.9942
Chida K, Yukawa H, Mase T, Endo H, Ogasawara K. Spontaneous slow drainage of epidural hematoma into the subgaleal space through a skull fracture in an infant. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2011;51(12):854–6. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.51.854
Altuna D. Hemostasia neonatal: manifestaciones clínicas y causas del sangrado neonatal. Hematología [Internet]. 2017;21(E):101–9. Disponible en: http://www.sah.org.ar/revista/numeros/vol21/extra3/16-vol21-extra_noviembre.pdf
Kim D, Taragin B. Subgaleal hematoma presenting as a manifestation of Factor XIII deficiency. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(6):622–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-009-1176-y
Panigrahi S, Mishra SS, Das S, Patra SK. Large subgaleal hematoma as presentation of parahemophilia. J Neurosci Rural Pract [Internet]. 2013;4(2):240–2. http://doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.112785
Mishra SS, Senapati SB, Gouda AK, Behera SK, Patnaik A. Spontaneous extradural and subgaleal hematoma: A rare neurosurgical crisis of sickle cell disease. Asian J Neurosurg [Internet]. 2017;12(1):47. https://doi.org/10.4103/1793-5482.144177
Fortin-Boudreault R-P, Story E. Spontaneous Subgaleal Hematoma: An Unusual Complication of Sickle Cell Disease. J Clin Case Reports [Internet]. 2016;06(01):1–2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7920.1000681
Koizumi H, Suzuki S, Utsuki S, Nakahara K, Niki J, Mabuchi I, et al. A case of non-traumatic subgaleal hematoma effectively treated with endovascular surgery. Interv Neuroradiol. 2010;16(3):317–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/159101991001600315
Downloads
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
