Eosinophilia and neutropenia in patients with acute rhinopharyngitis in a health center in Peru: an analytical study
Abstract
Introduction. Eosinophils modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Their elevation may be associated with changes in neutrophil concentrations during acute upper respiratory tract infections. The objective was to analyze the association between eosinophilia and neutropenia in patients with acute rhinopharyngitis. Methodology. Cross-sectional and analytical study, based on data from medical records of 526 patients from a polyclinic in the district of Villa el Salvador, Peru. Patients diagnosed with acute rhinopharyngitis who underwent a complete blood count were selected. Patients with chronic respiratory and hematologic diseases were excluded. Bivariate statistics with frequencies and percentages were performed, as well as crude and adjusted Odds Ratio tests using binary logistic regression. Results. Minors with neutropenia had eosinophilia 5.52 times more often than those without neutropenia (OR=5.52; CI:95%=2.28-13.35; p=0.005). In adults it was 2.01 (OR=2.01; CI:95%=1.07-3.77; p=0.027). Discussion. The findings could be attributed to the antiviral activity of eosinophils by mechanisms mediated by ribonucleases and neurotoxins, which require neutrophil-mediated activation in the presence of viral and bacterial infectious conditions. In turn, the greater strength of the association in minors could be due to the fact that their immune system is less mature than that of adults, who also take medication more frequently. Conclusions. Neutropenia and eosinophilia were more strongly associated in patients with acute rhinopharyngitis, mainly in minors.
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