Road Map Proposal to Latin American Climate Simulations based on Artificial Intelligence

  • Víctor Martínez University of Campinas– UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
  • Aurea Soriano-Vargas University of Campinas– UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
  • Anderson Rocha University of Campinas– UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Keywords: climate change, global warming, distributed architectures, parallel programming, machine learning, Latin America integration

Abstract

This document presents a road map proposal to integrate the scientific community in Latin America, for sharing computational resources and implementing climatic applications to forecast events related to global warming in the region. Climatic applications are commonly developed in distributed and parallel architectures because of the amount of data to process. As an optimization procedure, we are also proposing implementing Artificial Intelligence methods as the evaluation of the application performance as the improvement of the results of climatic simulations. An advantage of using this kind of algorithm is based on the possibility of identifying relationships between different weather events, with the development of models that integrate different types of phenomena, including extreme events. Climate forecasting models use various data sources, mainly collecting images and time series. A climate prediction model can be implemented with a network of remote sensors, and it involves a geographical distribution that could be extrapolated to processing tasks. The scientific community in Latin America can share computing resources and has the talent to develop the implementation of these algorithms. Moreover, we invite the scientific community members to join us to face this challenge.

References

Anh Khoa, T., Quang Minh, N., Hai Son, H., Nguyen Dang Khoa, C., Ngoc Tan, D., VanDung, N., . . . Trung Tin, N. (2021). Wireless sensor networks and machine learning meet climate change prediction. International Journal of Communication Systems, 34(3), e4687. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4687

Bao, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, G., Guan, T., Jin, J., Liu, Y., . . . Ma, T. (2021). The sensitivity of vegetation cover to climate change in multiple climatic zones using machine learning algorithms. Ecological Indicators, 124, 1-18; 107443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107443

Bellprat, O., & Doblas-Reyes, F. (2016). Attribution of extreme weather and climate events overestimated by unreliable climate simulations. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(5), 2158-2164. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067189

Berrang-Ford, L., Sietsma, A., Callaghan, M., Minx, J., Scheelbeek, P., Haddaway, N., . . . Dangour, A. (2021). Mapping global research on climate and health using machine learning (a systematic evidence map). Wellcome Open Research, 6:7, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16415.1

Boito, F., Kassick, R., Navaux, R., & Denneulin, Y. (2016). Automatic I/O scheduling algorithm selection for parallel file systems. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 28(8), 2457-2472. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3606

Buchty, R., Heuveline, V., Karl, W., & Weiss, J. (2012). A survey on hardware-aware and heterogeneous computing on multicore processors and accelerators. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 24(1532-0626), 663-675. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1904

Callaghan, M., Schleussner, C., Nath, S., Lejeune, Q., Knutson, T., Reichstein, M., . . . Minx, J. (2021). Machine-learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies. Nature Climate Change, 11, 966-972. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01168-6

Castro, M., W. Góes, L., & Méhaut, J. (2014). Adaptive thread mapping strategies for transactional memory applications. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 74, 2845-2859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2014.05.008

Chen, P. (2019). Visualization of real-time monitoring datagraphic of urban environmental quality. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing(42), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-019-0443-6

Clarke, L., Glendinning, I., & Hempel, R. (1994). The MPI Message Passing Interface Standard. In K. Decker, & R. Rehmann, Programming Environments for Massively Parallel Distributed Systems (pp. 213–218). Monte Verità: Birkhäuser. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8534-8_21

Climate Change AI - CCAI. (2019). What's New. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from Climate Change AI (CCAI): https://www.climatechange.ai/

CNPq - INRIA. (2015). HOSCAR project home page - High performance cOmputing and SCientific dAta management dRiven by highly demanding applications. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from HOSCAR project: http://www-sop.inria.fr/hoscar/

Crane-Droesch, A. (2018). Machine learning methods for crop yield prediction and climate. Environmental Research Letters, 13(11), 1-13; 114003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae159

de la Cruz, R., & Araya-Polo, M. (2015). Modeling Stencil Computations on Modern HPC Architectures. In S. Jarvis, S. Wright, & S. Hammond (Ed.), High Performance Computing Systems. Performance Modeling, Benchmarking, and Simulation (pp. 149--171). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17248-4_8

Donti, P. (2020). How machine learning can help tackle climate change. Association for Computing Machinery, 27(2), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.1145/3433142

Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., & Moore, R. (2017). Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment, 202, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031

GPPD/UFRGS. (2013). Latin American Grid for Climatology Project. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from LAGClima: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/gppd/projetos/lagclima/index.html

Heaven, W. (2021, 9 29). DeepMind’s AI predicts almost exactly when and where it’s going to rain. Retrieved 7 28, 2025, from MIT Technology Review: https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/29/1036331/%20deepminds-ai-predicts-almost-exactly-when-and-where-its-going-to-rain/

Horizon. (2020). H2020 High Performance Computing for Energy (HPC4E) 2015-2017. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from Scientific Data Management: https://team.inria.fr/zenith/h2020-high-performance-computing-for-energy-2015-2017/

Ibrahim, S., Ziedan, I., & Ahmed, A. (2021). Study of Climate Change Detection in North-East Africa Using Machine Learning and Satellite Data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 14, 11080-11094. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3120987

Kairouz, P., McMahan, H., Avent, B., Bellet, B., Bennis, A., Bhagoji, M., . . . Sen. (2021). Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning (Vol. 14). Now Foundations and Trends. Retrieved 8 2, 2025, from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9464278

Kress, J., Afzal, S., Dasari, H., Hari, P., Ghani, S., Zamreeq, A., . . . Hoteit, I. (2023). Visualization Environment for Analyzing Extreme Rainfall Events: A Case Study. In S. Dutta, K. Feige, K. Rink, & D. Zeckzer (Ed.), Workshop on Visualisation in Environmental Sciences (EnvirVis) (pp. 025-032 - 1-8). The Eurographics Association. https://doi.org/10.2312/envirvis.20231103

Kumar, M., Sathish, B., & Balamurugan, B. (2017). A Review on Performance Evaluation Techniques in Cloud. 2017 Second International Conference on Recent Trends and Challenges in Computational Models (ICRTCCM) (pp. 19-24). Tindivanam: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRTCCM.2017.29

Lakshmanan, V., Gilleland, E., McGovern, A., & Tingley, M. (Eds.). (2015). Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to Climate Science (1 ed.). Switzerland : Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17220-0

Lang, N., Jetz, W., Schindler, K., & Wegner, J. (2023). A high-resolution canopy height model of the Earth. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7, 1778–1789. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02206-6

Li, Z., Huang, Q., Jiang, Y., & Hu, F. (2020). SOVAS: a scalable online visual analytic system for big climate data analysis. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 34(6), 1188--1209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1605073

Lipschultz, F., Herring, D., Ray, A., Alder, J., Dahlman, L., DeGaetano, A., . . . Sweet, W. (2020). Climate Explorer: Improved Access to Local Climate Projections. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101(3), E265 - E273. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0298.1

Mansfield, L., Nowack, P., Kasoar, M., Everitt, R., Collins, W., & Voulgarakis, A. (2020, 11 19). Predicting global patterns of long-term climate change from short-term simulations using machine learning. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 3(44), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00148-5

Martínez, V., Dupros, F., Castro, M., & Navaux, P. (2017). Performance Improvement of Stencil Computations for Multi-core Architectures based on Machine Learning. Procedia Computer Science, 108, 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.164

Massonnet, F., Bellprat, O., Guemas, V., & Doblas-Reyes, F. (2016). Using climate models to estimate the quality of global observational data sets. Science, 354(6311), 452-455. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf6369

McMahan, B., Moore, E., Ramage, D., Hampson, S., & Aguera, B. (2017). Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data. In A. a. Singh (Ed.), Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 54, pp. 1273--1282. PMLR. Retrieved 8 2, 2025, from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v54/mcmahan17a.html

Milojevic-Dupont, N., & Creutzig, F. (2021). Machine learning for geographically differentiated climate change mitigation in urban areas. Sustainable Cities and Society, 64(102526), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102526

Mittal, S. (2016). A Survey of Techniques for Architecting and Managing Asymmetric Multicore Processors. ACM Computing Surveys, 48(45), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1145/2856125

Partee, S., Ellis, M., Rigazzi, A., Shao, A., Bachman, S., Marques, G., & Robbins, B. (2022). Using Machine Learning at scale in numerical simulations with SmartSim: An application to ocean climate modeling. Journal of Computational Science, 62(101707), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2022.101707

Patterson, D., & Hennessy, J. (2013). COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: THE HARDWARE/SOFTWARE IN TERFACE (5 ed.). (T. Green , Ed.) Oxford: ELSEVIER. Retrieved 8 2, 2025, from https://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~rijurekha/col216/edition5.pdf

Porto, F., Ferro, M., Ogasawara, E., Moeda, T., Tenorio de Barros, C., Chaves , A., . . . Bezerra, E. (2022). Machine Learning Approaches to Extreme Weather Events Forecast in Urban Areas: Challenges and Initial Results. Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations, 9(1), 49–73. https://doi.org/10.14529/jsfi220104

Programa CYTED. (2017). Programa CYTED. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from Cyted - Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo: https://www.cyted.org/?q=es/detalle_proyecto&un=927

Ravuri, S., Lenc, K., Willson, M., Kangin, D., Lam, R., Mirowski, P., . . . Mohamed, S. (2021, 09 01). Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar. Nature, 597, 672–677. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03854-z

RedCLARA. (2004). Ciencia, Eduación, Cultura e Innovación. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from RedCLARA: https://www.redclara.net/es/

RedCLARA. (2011). Colombia lanzará Grid Nacional. Retrieved 8 7, 2025, from RedCLARA: https://www.redclara.net/es/component/content/article/1364-colombia-lanzara-grid-nacional?catid=99&highlight=WyJjb2xvbWJpYSIsImNvbG9tYmlhbiIsImdyaWQiXQ==&Itemid=437

Rolnick, D., Donti, P., Kaack, L., Kochanski, K., Lacoste, A., Sankaran, K., . . . Bengio, Y. (2022). Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 55(2), 1 - 96. https://doi.org/10.1145/3485128

Samuel, A. (1959). Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3(3), 210-229. https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.33.0210

Scharl, A., Hubmann-Haidvogel, A., Weichselbraun, A., Lang, H., & Sabou, M. (2013). Media Watch on Climate Change -- Visual Analytics for Aggregating and Managing Environmental Knowledge from Online Sources. 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 955-964). Wailea, Hawái: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.398

Shokri, R., & Shmatikov, V. (2015). Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, (pp. 1310–1321). New York. https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813687

Shukla, S., Murthy, C., & Chande, P. (2015). A Survey of Approaches used in Parallel Architectures and Multi-core Processors, For Performance Improvement. In H. Selvaraj, D. Zydek, & G. Chmaj, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 366, pp. 537–545). Las Vegas, NV: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08422-0_77

SINAPAD. (2014). Projeto Sistema de Computação Petaflópica do SINAPAD/2014. Processo número 01.14.192.00. Retrieved 8 2, 2025, from SDumont: https://sdumont.lncc.br/

Snavely, A., Gao, X., Lee, C., Carrington, L., Wolter, N., Labarta, J., . . . Jones, P. (2004). Performance modeling of HPC applications. In G. Joubert, W. Nagel, F. Peters, & W. Walter, Advances in Parallel Computing (Vol. 13, pp. 777-784). North-Holland: ELSEVIER. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5452(04)80095-9

Tanenbaum, A., & Van Steen, M. (2006). Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms (2 ed.). (T. Dunkelberger, Ed.) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved 8 2, 2025, from https://vowi.fsinf.at/images/b/bc/TU_Wien-Verteilte_Systeme_VO_%28G%C3%B6schka%29_-_Tannenbaum-distributed_systems_principles_and_paradigms_2nd_edition.pdf

Vapnik, V. (1999). An overview of statistical learning theory. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 10(5), 988-999. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.788640

Vladušic, D., Cernivec, A., & Slivnik, B. (2009). Improving Job Scheduling in GRID Environments with Use of Simple Machine Learning Methods. 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (pp. 177-182). Las Vegas: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2009.228

Wang, J., Liu, X., Shen, H.-W., & Lin, G. (2017). Multi-Resolution Climate Ensemble Parameter Analysis with Nested Parallel Coordinates Plots. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598830

Weng, L., Liu, C., & Gaudiot, J. (2013). Scheduling optimization in multicore multithreaded microprocessors through dynamic modeling. Association for Computing Machinery, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2482767.2482774

Xu, R., & Wunsch, D. (2005). Survey of clustering algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 16(3), 645-678. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNN.2005.845141

Zhu, H., Xu, J., Liu, S., & Jin, Y. (2021). Federated learning on non-IID data: A survey. Neurocomputing, 465, 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.07.098

How to Cite
Martínez, V., Soriano-Vargas, A., & Rocha, A. (2025). Road Map Proposal to Latin American Climate Simulations based on Artificial Intelligence. Revista Colombiana De Computación, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.29375/25392115.5479

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Published
2025-06-30
Section
Article of scientific and technological research

Altmetric

Escanea para compartir
QR Code
Crossref Cited-by logo