¿Los populistas realmente «limpian la casa»? Análisis de la corrupción y la gobernanza en la América Latina contemporánea
Resumen
Este artículo examina la relación entre populismo y corrupción en América Latina dentro de un marco comparativo global que abarca 135 países, incluidos 26 en el continente americano. Los líderes populistas suelen llegar al poder mediante una retórica que promete combatir la corrupción mientras denuncia a las élites corruptas, pero sus gobiernos con frecuencia debilitan la rendición de cuentas y la participación. Con una base de datos de panel de largo plazo (1946–2022) y comparaciones dentro de cada país entre períodos populistas y no populistas, el análisis no encuentra una reducción significativa de la corrupción política percibida durante los episodios populistas. Esta paradoja —entre las promesas anticorrupción y la ausencia de resultados— sugiere que el impacto del populismo radica más en erosionar los mecanismos de gobernanza que en fortalecer la integridad. La resiliencia institucional, más que la movilización populista, es el factor clave para el control de la corrupción.
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