Nivel de independencia funcional, determinantes personales y sociales del envejecimiento saludable en adultos mayores peruanos durante la COVID-19
Resumen
Introducción. La población de adultos mayores alcanzó los 900 millones en el 2010 con proyección a duplicarse para el 2050, siendo crucial entender los factores que afectan su autonomía. El estudio buscó identificar los determinantes individuales, sociales y conductuales de la independencia funcional y examinar si la sintomatología depresiva y las relaciones sociales moderan la asociación entre edad y funcionalidad en adultos mayores durante la COVID-19. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal con análisis secundario de datos públicos de 244 adultos mayores de 60 años con vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de dos áreas urbanas periféricas. Se utilizó el índice de Barthel para evaluar la independencia funcional y se aplicaron análisis de moderación y modelos de regresión logística ordinal. Resultados. El 69% presentó independencia funcional. La sintomatología depresiva (-0.06 [-0.12; -0.01], p=0.014) y la calidad de la relación con los vecinos (0.454 [0.17;0.73], p=0.001) moderaron la relación entre la edad y la independencia funcional. Los viudos tuvieron 70% menos de probabilidades de independencia que casados (p=0.005). Quienes nunca recibían llamadas antes de la pandemia tenían 74% menos de probabilidades de independencia (p=0.006). Los participantes en charlas de salud mental presentaron 4.9 veces más probabilidades de independencia versus los no participantes (p<0.001). Discusión. La independencia funcional en el envejecimiento no solo depende de la edad, sino que está influenciada por factores individuales y sociales, incluyendo la sintomatología depresiva y la interacción social. Conclusiones. Es fundamental abordar el envejecimiento saludable integralmente, considerando las necesidades psicosociales de los adultos mayores.
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