Relación entre la fragilidad y la polifarmacia en el deterioro cognitivo de los adultos mayores chilenos
Resumen
Introducción. El envejecimiento acelerado de la población aumenta el riesgo de aparición de complicaciones geriátricas, como el deterioro cognitivo. Este deterioro se ha relacionado con el síndrome de fragilidad y la polifarmacia en cohortes europeas; sin embargo, su relación no se ha aclarado completamente en las personas mayores latinoamericanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el deterioro cognitivo, la polifarmacia y el síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores chilenos. Metodología. El estudio se diseñó como un estudio transversal. El total de participantes fue de 1205 adultos mayores, de 65 años o más. La presencia de fragilidad se determinó según los criterios de Fried. El estado de polifarmacia se evaluó mediante un cuestionario validado realizado por un entrevistador capacitado. El estado cognitivo se determinó mediante el Mini-Mental. Resultados. La prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en el estudio transversal fue del 19%. Los adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo tenían una puntuación de fragilidad más alta (2.39 ± 1.45, p < 0.001), una mayor prevalencia de fragilidad y una mayor prevalencia de polifarmacia (45.6%, p = 0.0016) en comparación con los adultos mayores con cognición normal. Los criterios de fragilidad pérdida de peso (OR: 1.88, IC = 1.22-2.90, p = 0.004), agotamiento (OR: 2.66, IC = 1.89-3.76, p<0.001), lentitud (OR: 2.10, p<0.001) y baja actividad física (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) se asociaron con deterioro cognitivo; sin embargo, los criterios de debilidad no presentaron una asociación significativa (OR: 1.29, IC=0.94-1,80, p=0.119). Discusión. El deterioro cognitivo estaba presente en el 19% de las personas mayores y estaba relacionado con el envejecimiento, el bajo nivel educativo, el hecho de vivir solo, la fragilidad y la polifarmacia. Conclusiones. Las estrategias de intervención dirigidas a la fragilidad y al consumo excesivo de medicamentos pueden ser un enfoque prometedor para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo.
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Datos de los fondos
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Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Números de la subvención ANID-FONDECYT N° 1211136 -
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Números de la subvención ANID FONDECYT N°3230783
