La importancia de los símbolos numéricos para el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas
Resumen
Introducción. Mucho se ha descrito sobre el aprendizaje en general, y más aún en campos tan complejos como las matemáticas. Sin embargo, la pregunta permanece: ¿Cómo desarrollan los niños pequeños las habilidades numéricas y matemáticas? Objetivo. En este documento se revisa lo que hemos aprendido en las últimas décadas sobre las habilidades fundamentales que sustentan el desarrollo numérico y matemático de los niños. Temas de reflexión. Algunos de los temas revisados son: Comprensión de las asociaciones entre palabras numéricas, dígitos y cantidades, ¿Cómo se construye la enseñanza formal de las matemáticas en el conocimiento temprano de los números en los niños?, Las capacidades de comparación simbólica predicen el rendimiento en matemáticas y, Futuras líneas de investigación. Conclusiones. Se discute la importancia de aprender el significado de los símbolos numéricos y se revisan estudios que muestran que el conocimiento temprano de los símbolos numéricos predice habilidades matemáticas posteriores y que entrenar el conocimiento de los símbolos numéricos puede mejorar las habilidades matemáticas tempranas de los niños. Por último, se concluye discutiendo las direcciones futuras.
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