Mental Health Screening of People Deprived of Liberty, Analyzed Through the Brief Jail Mental Health Screening (BJMHS) in Three Colombian Establishments
Abstract
Introduction. People deprived of liberty, due to their condition and characteristics, suffer greater changes in their health than the general population, particularly in personality disorders, consumption of psychoactive substances, and suicidal tendencies. The prison system is aware of these risks, and universally, multiple approaches to the subject have been developed, as evidenced by the abundant literature, for its early detection. Objective. Apply the screening instrument, the Brief Jail Mental Health Screening (BJMHS) test, to a sample of people deprived of liberty upon admission to three Colombian prisons, to establish the prevalence of mental health in these institutions. Methodology. The type of study was cross-sectional in a population of incarcerated individuals in three institutions, two Colombian prisons for men, and one for women, between 2019 and 2020. The final validated sample was 417 people, 22.3% women and 77.7% men, for mental health screening, applied to the admission of the population deprived of liberty in prisons. Results. The global prevalence of mental health was 46.0% with a 95% Confidence interval (41.3% to 50.8%) for the Buen Pastor prison; 46.2% with a 95% Confidence interval (35.9% to 56.6%), for the Modelo prison 51.5% with a 95% Confidence interval (43.0% to 60.0%); and for the Picota prison with 42.0% with a 95% Confidence interval (34.9% to 49.1%). A greater impact on mental health was found in people accused or convicted of crimes against sexual freedom, integrity and training against public safety, and against the family. Discussion. Given the unique conditions of the prison population and the universality of mental disorders, early detection of their functional level and degree of impairment is indispensable. Conclusion. The prevalence of mental health found in Colombian prisons has a similar magnitude to the same populations in various parts of the world, showing greater reliability in men than in women.
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